Overview
Augmented reality (AR) can put an arrow on the object you are looking for. The questions are where to place that arrow and whether the cue is correct — and what information access effort costs. Related to visual search cues, we have notifications and timers: how do they compete for attention with the world they exist to explain, and where do we place them? Our work in visual search and information access effort includes timers, cues, and notifications.
One example of how we have conducted experiments is with the visual search paradigm. We tested cueing, clutter, and placement against real search and monitoring tasks. Correct spatial guidance works, and works well. A north-up situation display cut response time by eight seconds; a gaze line saved 7.47 seconds in 360-degree multi-target search. We then break the cue on purpose, to measure what an error costs.
Our work enables many applications, from civilian use cases (e.g., rescue) and health applications (e.g., CPR) to military applications (e.g., searching for targets).
Papers in this area 37
Journal Articles 8
- Information Access Costs With an Augmented Reality Head-Mounted Display (opens in new tab) 2025
- Order Up! Multimodal Interaction Techniques for Notifications in Augmented Reality (opens in new tab) 2025
- Information Access Effort: The Role of Head Movements for Information Presented at Increasing Eccentricity on Flat Panel and Head-Mounted Displays (opens in new tab) 2024
- Quantitative effects of overlay clutter and information access effort: Examining the scan-clutter trade-off in displays with geospatial maps (opens in new tab) 2024
- Beyond the Wizard of Oz: Negative Effects of Imperfect Machine Learning to Examine the Impact of Reliability of Augmented Reality Cues on Visual Search Performance (opens in new tab) 2024
- Survey of Annotations in Extended Reality Systems (opens in new tab) 2024
- Fast, Accurate, but Sometimes Too-Compelling Support: The Impact of Imperfectly Automated Cues in an Augmented Reality Head-Mounted Display on Visual Search Performance 2023
- Mitigating the costs of spatial transformations with a situation awareness augmented reality display: Assistance for the Joint Terminal Attack Controller 2023
Conference Papers 17
- Five-day research-in-the-wild observation of notifications on smartglasses: A double edged sword (opens in new tab) 2025
- The Importance of Cueing While Visually Searching a 360 Degree Environment for Multiple Targets in the Presence of Distractors (opens in new tab) 2025
- Don’t Miss Notifications: Exploring Gaze Notifications for Virtual Reality Cooking Environment (opens in new tab) 2025
- Clutter costs in head-mounted displays: a study examining trade-offs between overlay and adjacent presentation of information (opens in new tab) 2025
- Impact of Relevant Augmented Reality Information on Human Performance (opens in new tab) 2025
- Ping! Your Food is Ready: Comparing Different Notification Techniques in 3D AR Cooking Environment (opens in new tab) 2024
- 2D and 3D Augmented Reality Attention Cueing Comparisons in 3D Target Search (opens in new tab) 2024
- Augmented Reality Compensatory Aid for Improved Weapon Splash-Zone Awareness (opens in new tab) 2024
- Effects of Color Commonality of Overlay Clutter and Information Access Effort on Tasks Requiring Visual Search (opens in new tab) 2023
- Information Access Costs with a Wide-Angle Desktop Display (opens in new tab) 2023
- Exploring Unimodal Notification Interaction and Display Methods in Augmented Reality (opens in new tab) 2023
- A meta-analytic examination of the cost and benefits of overlay versus separate displays (opens in new tab) 2023
- Push the Red Button: Comparing Notification Placement with Augmented and Non-Augmented Tasks in AR (opens in new tab) 2022
- Information Access Effort: Are Head Movements “Cheap” or Even “Free”? (opens in new tab) 2022
- Visual Search in Augmented Reality: Effect of Target Cue Type and Location (opens in new tab) 2022
- The Effectiveness of Gaze Guidance Lines in supporting JTAC’s attention allocation (opens in new tab) 2022
- Virtual Reality Compensatory Aid for Improved Weapon Splash-Zone Awareness (opens in new tab) 2021
Workshop Articles 3
- Addressing Human Factors Related to Artificial Intelligence Integrated Visual Cueing (opens in new tab) 2024
- Annotation in Asynchronous Collaborative Immersive Analytic Environments using Augmented Reality (opens in new tab) 2022
- Insights on visual aid and study design for gesture interaction in limited sensor range Augmented Reality devices (opens in new tab) 2020
Posters & Late-Breaking 6
- HoloNote: Exploring Augmented Reality Notifications for Ergonomic Feedback in Laparoscopic Training (opens in new tab) 2026
- Cuing Multiple-Targets for Visual Search in Virtual Reality (opens in new tab) 2025
- Guiding Gaze: Comparing Cues for Visual Search (opens in new tab) 2024
- Beyond the Wizard of Oz: Using Imperfect Machine Learning to Examine the Impact of Reliability of Augmented Reality Cues on Visual Search Performance (opens in new tab) 2023
- Press the red button: A user study comparing notification placement with augmented and non-augmented tasks in AR (opens in new tab) 2022
- Towards a Virtual Reality Home IoT Network Visualization (opens in new tab) 2019
Pre-Prints 2
- Co-Designing Augmented Reality Tools for High-Stakes Clinical Teamwork (opens in new tab) 2025
- Small Cues, Big Differences: Evaluating Interaction and Presentation for Annotation Retrieval in AR (opens in new tab) 2025